Kubera imyaka irenga 15 nkora nk’umuhinga mu vy’ibikoresho bikomeye-Duty Forklift afasha ibibanza vy’ivyambu, ibibanza vy’ibikoresho, amashirahamwe y’ibikoresho n’ivyo gutwara ibintu mu bwato ku masoko yose y’isi yose, narabonye ko guhitamwo ibikoresho bikomeye-bikoresho vy’ibikoresho bikomeye ari nk’ibintu vyinshi cane kuruta urupapuro rw'amakuru. Ibidukikije vyo ku nkengera y’ikiyaga n’ivyo ku kibuga c’indege ntibibabarira: amasaha ahinduka, imizigo iremereye y’ibikoresho, ibibanza bitaringaniye mu rugo, umuyaga wo ku nkengera y’ikiyaga wuzuye umunyu canke ibihe bikomeye cane, n’ugukosorwa kw’ubudandaji guhoraho kugira ngo ibikoresho bigume bigenda neza. Hitamwo imashini idakwiriye, maze ugaca wihuta guhura n’ugusenyuka gusubiramwo, amahera menshi y’amavuta n’ayo gusanura, be n’ingorane zo kwirinda.
Mu myaka yose nakoze, ikigo canje c’abahinga caratanze inyishu z’ibikoresho bikomeye-ku migambi irenga 120 y’ivyambu n’ibibanza vy’indege biri muri Aziya y’amajepfo, mu Buseruko bwo Hagati, muri Afirika no mu Buraya. Ico gikorwa cari kigizwe n’ugutegura ibikoresho bishasha vyo kwubaka ku cambu, porogarama zo gusubirira ubwato bwose, gutuma ibikoresho vy’ibikoresho vy’ibikoresho vy’ibikoresho vy’ibikoresho vy’ibikoresho vy’ibikoresho vy’ibikoresho vy’ibikoresho vy’ibikoresho vy’ibikoresho vy’ibikoresho vy’ibikoresho vy’ibikoresho vy’ibikoresho vy’ibikoresho vy’ibikoresho vy’ibikoresho vy’ibikoresho vy’ibikoresho vy’ibikoresho vy’ibikoresho vy’ibikoresho vy’ibikorwa vy’ubushuhe bwinshi, ivy’ubumara canke vy’inkungugu nyinshi bishobora gukoreshwa neza. Incuro nyinshi naragendeye ahantu abakoresha bariko bagerageza gukora ibikorwa vyo gufata ibikoresho ku bikoresho vy’ububiko vy’ibikoresho vy’ububiko. Ibimenyetso vy’imburi vyama bisa: amabati y’indege apfutse, igihe co guhagarara kitamenyekana, amapine arengeje urugero be n’uguhagarika umutima kugaragara ku bashoferi igihe baterura ibikoresho vyuzuye ku butaka butaringaniye. Ivyuma vyiza vyo gukoresha ibikoresho vyo ku cambu vyubatswe kugira ngo bikomeze gukora ibikorwa bikomeye-hanze, kandi ntibishobora kuba iciyumviro c'inyuma -gihinduwe kiva ku bikoresho vyo mu bubiko bwo mu nzu.
Imwe mu nshingano zacu zisaba cane vuba cane, yabaye muri Ndamukiza 2025 ku kibanza co gushiramwo ibikoresho vy’indege kiri mu Kivuko ca Durban muri Afirika y’Epfo. Ico kibanza co ku nkengera y’ikiyaga cari gifise uburebure bwa metero 50.000-kare -, kigatwara ibikoresho biri hagati ya 300 na 500 buri musi mu bikorwa bitahagarara amasaha 24-bikora amasaha atatu yuzuye. Ivyombo vyari mu rugo vyari bifise amatoni 20- gushika ku bikoresho vy’amatoni 40 vy’amafuti 20 n’amafuti 40 vyuzuye-. Igihe twashika aho hantu, uwo mukiriya yariko arwana n’indwara z’umutwe zitari nke zihuye. Ubwato bwabo bwariho bwari bufise ubushobozi buhagije bwo guterura ibikoresho vyinshi vyuzuye, igihe co guhagarara kitategekanijwe cariko kiratera amasaha arenga 12 buri ndwi kandi ivyo vyari biteye akaga ku rutonde rw’uguhindura ubwato. Gukoresha izo mashini za kera vyasobanura kandi ko umuntu atanga amavuta menshi cane ku kwezi be n’uko akenshi asubirizwa ibihimba vy’ivyo bikoresho. Wongereko n’ivyo ku nkengera y’ikiyaga vy’aho hantu hari ubukonje bwinshi nk’ubw’umunyu buvanze n’ibipande vy’amabuye y’agaciro be n’amabuye y’agaciro yasambutse mu rugo rwose, kandi ibihimba vy’ibarabara n’ivy’ibarabara vyariko birashaza ningoga kuruta uko vyari bitezwe. Abakoresha bongeyeko baravyura ivyiyumviro vy’umutekano bishingiye ku guhagarara kw’umuzigo ku butaka butaringaniye.
Twaramaze umwanya twihweza inzinguzingu z’imirongo, dupima uburemere bw’imitwaro isanzwe no gusuzuma ingene imashini zisanzwe zikora mu gihe c’imibabaro y’isi nyakuri, maze twihuta gushika ku ciyumviro c’uko ama forklifts asanzwe-spec atazokwigera atorera umuti ivyo bibazo vy’ububabare. Mbere n’amamashini yasa n’ayihagije ku mpapuro yaracitse intege mu gihe c’ingendo nyazo z’ibikorwa vy’iherezo. Ubushobozi budahagije bwategekanijwe bwatumye haba ingorane z’umutekano; amabarabara yubatswe aremereye-yashobora guhinduka ubudasiba iyo umuntu asubiye guterura ibintu bikomeye. Igikoresho c’intango cari gifise uruziga rugufi cane, ivyo bikaba vyagabanya ugushikama igihe cose ubutaka bwahindutse. Ihitamwo ryabo ry’intango ry’amapine ryari ridahuye n’amabuye y’agaciro-n’-y’amabuye y’agaciro avunganye. Moteri y’ishimikiro yari ihanganye n’ugusaba kw’umuvuduko munini, kandi uburyo bwo gukonjesha ntibwashobora kwihanganira amasaha menshi akurikiranye akora mu bushuhe bushushe bwo ku nkengera y’ikiyaga. Tumaze kurangiza iri suzuma ry’ubuhinga, impanuro yacu yari iyo gukoresha ubwato bufise amatoni 15-remerera -bukoreshwa n’amavuta y’ibinyabiziga bukoreshwa n’amavuta y’ibinyabiziga ({18}}bubatswe ku bw’ibikorwa vyo ku cambu. Igikoresho cose cari gifise moteri y’inguvu 162{20}}HP turbo diesel iremereye-{9{9}{9{9}{9}}ikora, 4500{22}}milimetero zitatu{23}}intambwe yuzuye-ubuntu-inguvu zo guterura, inguvu zikomeye{26}}ikora 8ft}ft amapine y’umuyaga aremereye-. Twarasobanuye igice c’umubiri gikomeye cane gifise igipfukisho co gukingira -ugusenyuka be n’igikoresho co gukonjesha gifise ubushobozi bwinshi cane cakozwe amasaha 20{39}}n’ibindi bikoresho bikomeza gukora ku musi. Igihe izo mashini nshasha zari zimaze gukoreshwa kandi abakozi bakaba bamaze kwimenyereza, vyari bigaragara ko hariho iterambere ry’ibikorwa. Ubushobozi bwo gukoresha ibikoresho -bwarongerekanye n’ibice 32 %, igihe co guhagarara kitategekanijwe buri ndwi caragabanutse n’ibice 85 % kija ku masaha atarenga 1,5, kandi igihimba c’inyuma gikomeye{43}} n’igiti c’inyuma c’indege vyatumye habaho umutekano mwiza cane. Incuro z’ugusanasana zagabanutse n’igice, kandi amavuta akoreshwa ku gikoresho cose cimuriwe yaragabanutse n’ibice 18 %, ivyo bikaba vyafashije ikibanza c’indege gushika ku gihe co guhamagara ubwato.
Iyindi migambi yacu ni urugo rw’ibikoresho vyo mu mazi mu Buraya bwo hagati.Iki kibanza c’ibikoresho vy’ubuhinga bwa none cari gifise uburebure bwa metero 32.000, kikaba gishobora gutwara ibikoresho birenga 6.000 TEU buri kwezi mu masaha 16 y’ibikorwa buri ndwi itandatu. Urubuga rwari rukeneye guterura ubudasiba ibikoresho bipima amatoni 20 mu gihe rwari rucungera ibikorwa vyo guhindura ibikoresho biva ku kamyo-kuja ku-ibinyabiziga. Ico umukiriya yashaka vy’ukuri ni ugukora neza mu bihe vy’imbeho no mu bihe vy’imvura nyinshi, ubuzima buramba bw’imashini, igiciro cose -c’ubunywanyi, uburyo bwo kwitaho bugororotse n’ukuronka ibihimba vyiza vy’inyuma. Bakeneye kandi guhinduranya kugira ngo bashobore gukoresha ibikoresho vy’ubusa n’ivy’ibikoresho vyinshi-biciye mu bihe vy’isonga ry’uburemere bw’ibihe. Igihe twasuzuma amahitamwo, twapima kuja vyose-mu bikoresho binini bishika ku bikoresho vy'ibikoresho bivanze. Kubera iki kibanza c’imbere mu gihugu -depot twafashe ingingo yo gufatanya amatoni 20-remereye -duty forklifts za dizeli kugira ngo zikoreshe uburemere burengeye -bw’ibikoresho vy’ibikoresho hamwe n’ibikoresho vy’ibikoresho vy’ibikoresho vy’ibikoresho vy’ibikoresho vy’ibikoresho vy’ibikoresho vy’ibikoresho vy’ibikoresho vy’ibikoresho. Ivyo bivanze vyari bifise insiguro ngirakamaro. Igikoresho co guterura amatoni 20{32}}remereye -karatanga amatoni menshi ata n’amahera menshi akoreshwa mu guterura ibintu vy’ubunini bushitse ku kibanza cose co gukoreramwo. Ico gikoresho gikomeye cane ca dizeli caratanga umuvuduko munini mu gihe kirekire, iyo nyubakwa ikomeye yari ihanganye n’ibihe bihinduka, igikorwa co gusanasana cari coroshe ku bahinga bo mu karere kandi n’amahera yo kwimenyereza abayikoresha yaguma ari make. Inyuma y’ugushirwaho, ibihe vy’uguhindura amakamyo kugira ngo bishire ibikoresho no kubitwara vyarateye imbere n’ibice 25 %, ibikoresho vyariho vyari hejuru ya 95 %, kandi ishoramari ry’uburinganire ryatumye ibiciro vy’ibikorwa vy’igihe kirekire biguma bimenyekana, mu gihe ivyago vy’imizigo vyagabanutse cane bifitaniye isano n’ibikoresho.
Kubera ivyo n’ibindi vyinshi, hariho ibintu nyamukuru nama nkoresha n’abaguzi igihe nshaka gusobanura igikoresho co gutwara ibintu ku bikorwa vy’ubwoko bw’icuma, kubera ko kugura gusa ku giciro c’ugugura bihora bitera ingorane zizimvye mu nyuma.
Ica mbere ni ubushobozi bwo guterura, kandi aha utegerezwa guhuza ibisobanuro n'imitwaro yawe y'isi nyakuri-, atari uburemere bw'ibikoresho gusa. Igikoresho co gukura ibintu gifise amatoni 10-gikora neza ku bikoresho bitagira ikintu n’amasandugu afise ibintu bikeyi-imbere mu bikoresho bitobito-vy’uburemere. Igikoresho co guterura ibintu c’amatoni 15{8}}ni co gikoreshwa mu bikoresho vyinshi vy’ubunini buringaniye gushika kuri -bunini-bikora ibikoresho vy’amafuti 20 n’amafuti 40 ku bwinshi busa n’ubw’umugambi wacu wo mu gisagara ca Durban. Iyo uriko uratwara ibikoresho biremerera cane-mu bidukikije vy’amasaha 24 ku kivuko c’ikiyaga bikora cane ukwiye kuraba ibikoresho vy’ibikoresho bikomeye vy’amatoni 20 n’ibindi. Nk’itegeko ry’ingenzi nama mpanura kwubaka mu 10-15 % y’umutekano hejuru y’umuzigo wawe uremereye cane w’akazi witeze.
Gushikama n’umutekano bikurikira cane inyuma y’ububasha bwo guterura butagiramwo ibintu. Ivyumba vy’ivyambu ntibikunda gutanga amagorofa agororotse neza. Gufatanya ubutaka butaringaniye, imizigo iremereye ihagaze n’ugukora gukomeza guhinduka kenshi n’ugukomera kw’imibumbe bica bihinduka ibidashobora gusubirwamwo. Rondera igiti gikomeye cane-cubatswe n’icuma gikomeye cane, igihimba c’umubiri gikozwe gikikuje ahantu hasi h’uburemere bw’isi n’uruzitiro rwagutse, amazi ashobora gutahura umuzigo, ibikoresho vyo gukingira amazi n’ukuntu ababikoresha babona neza imbere.
Amahitamwo ya moteri n’uburyo bw’inguvu ni ikindi kintu gihambaye co gufata ingingo, kandi bisigura igituma ama forklifts aremereye ya dizeli-aguma ari yo ahambaye mu bibanza vyose. Izo moteri zitanga umuvuduko munini ukenewe igihe zitoragura ibikoresho biremerera, zishobora gukora amasaha menshi akurikiranye mu buryo bwizigirwa, gusubiramwo amavuta biranyaruka ata gihe kirekire co guhagarara, kandi zishobora guhagarara neza mu bihe vy’ubushuhe, ubukonje canke ubukonje bwo hanze. Ibikorwa n'ibice vy'ibikoresho vy'ibikoresho vy'amavuta ya dizeli vyemejwe navyo biraboneka cane hirya no hino mu turere twinshi tw'ivyambu kw'isi yose.
Guhitamwo amapine kenshi ntibishimwa cane ariko biragira ingaruka nyinshi kw'isi. Ibikari vy'ivyambu bivanga beton iryoshe, amabuye y'agaciro n'ibikoresho vyashaje. Amapine y’umuyaga aremereye-atanga ubushobozi bwo guhangana n’ugukubita kandi akora neza cane ku bibanza bitaringaniye canke vy’amabuye-vyavanze. Amapine akomeye aremereye-abereye ahantu harimwo beton iryoshe cane kandi atanga ubuzima buramba bwo kwambara ata kwitaho guke. Amapine y’umuco-asanzwe ntazohagarara; birasaduka, birasambuka ningoga kandi bikagabanya ugushikama kw’imashini muri rusangi.
Ubwa nyuma ukeneye gusuzuma umubare wose-igiciro-c'-ubutunzi aho kugereranya gusa ibiciro vy'ibimenyetso. Gukora biciye mu guturira amavuta ku masaha, ibihe vyo gusanasana n’ibiciro bijanye, ibiciro vy’ibikoresho vyo mu karere n’ukuntu biboneka, no gutanga inyishu ku bijanye n’amahera y’igihe c’uguhagarara iyo imashini zivunitse. Umuhinga mu bijanye n’uguhingura ibikoresho bikomeye-akora ibikoresho kugira ngo ivyo bikoresho bigume bigenzurwa mu buzima bwose.
Nk’umuhinga mu guhingura ibikoresho bikomeye-, DawnShine Forklift ikora ibikoresho bikoreshwa na dizeli vyihariye ku bikorwa vy’ivyambu, bifise intumbero yo gutanga inyishu nziza ku bakiriya bo kw’isi yose mu vyambu, ku bibanza vy’indege, no mu bikorwa vy’ubuhinga. Urutonde rwacu rw’ibikoresho vy’ugutwara ibintu vy’amavuta ya DawnShine HeavyDuty birabereye ibikorwa vyinshi, harimwo ibibanza vy’ibikoresho, ivyambu vy’ikiyaga, ibibanza vy’ibikoresho vyo mu gihugu hagati, n’ibibanza vy’inganda bikoreshwa mu buryo butandukanye. Turatanga ibigereranyo mu bice vy'amatoni 10-, 15-toni, na 20-toni-bifise imiterere yateguwe cane cane ku bidukikije vy'ivyambu-kandi tugatanga ibisobanuro bihuye n'ivyo umukiriya akeneye. Ivyerekeye ubuhinga nyamukuru birimwo moteri zikomeye zikoreshwa n’amazi (120–200 HP), uburebure bwo guterura bushobora guhindurwa (3.000 mm gushika kuri 6.000 mm), ivyuma bikomeye bikoreshwa n’umuyaga bikomeye, n’uburyo bwo gukoresha moteri zikomeye zikoreshwa n’umuyaga zikomeye canke zikomeye cane. Ivyo bikoresho vyose bifise ubuhinga bwo gukingira -ugusenyuka n’ugukingira inkungugu kandi bikoresha ibihimba vy’umuyagankuba bifise ubushobozi bwo kwizigirwa mu gihe c’ibikorwa vy’amasaha 24 bikomeza kandi bikomeye cane.
DawnShine Forklift ifise ubumenyi burenga imyaka 15 mu bushakashatsi n’iterambere n’uguhingura ibikoresho vyo gukoresha ibikoresho vyo ku kivuko, yashinze urubuga rw’abacuruzi bo kw’isi yose be n’abaguzi inyuma y’ugucuruza. Turatanga inyishu zihuye n’ibidukikije bigoranye-nk’ivyo bifise ubushuhe bwinshi, umunyu{4}}ugusenyuka kw’imiti, canke inkungugu iremereye-mu gihe dutanga igiciro cose c’ubutunzi gishobora guhangana n’ibindi vyose mu kiringo c’ubuzima bw’ibikoresho. Turafise kandi ivyemezo vyose mpuzamakungu bijanye n’ibikoresho vyo ku kivuko. Kugira ngo ubone ubuyobozi bubereye, ikigo cacu c’abahinga mu vy’ubuhinga bw’ibikorwa gishobora guhindura umuti w’ibikoresho bikomeye-bihuye n’ivyo usaba vyihariye no gutanga igiciro. Gusa gusangira amakuru nk’aho ikibanza cawe kiri, ubushobozi bwo gukoresha ibikoresho ku musi, uburemere bw’imizigo busanzwe, n’ingene ibikorwa vy’aho hantu bigenda kugira ngo utangure igikorwa co kuganira.
