I. Ibice nyamukuru vy'Igikoresho co Gutwara Amavuta
Ivyuma vy’amavuta ni ibikoresho bisanzwe vyo gukoresha mu bijanye n’ugutwara ibintu n’ububiko. Intunganyo zavyo zishobora guca mu bice bikurikira:
1. Inguvu:
- Moteri: Mu bisanzwe ni moteri ya dizeli (nk'iy'amasilinda 4), ifise ubushobozi bwo gushika ku mafarasi 20-100 (raba "Igitabo c'ubuhinga bw'ibikoresho vy'ugukura ibintu"). Moteri za dizeli zifise ubushobozi bwo gukoresha ubushuhe bugera kuri 40%, zikaba ziruta moteri za peteroli (30%).
- Uburyo bwo gutanga amavuta: Harimwo itangi ry’amavuta (ubushobozi bwa litiro 50{2}}120), ipompo y’amavuta y’umuvuduko munini, n’ibikoresho vyo gutera amavuta.
2. Ugutangaza:
- Ivyuma bikoreshwa n’amaboko canke bikoreshwa n’amaboko (nk’ivyo ZF 4WG200), bifise umuvuduko 3-5.
- Drive Axle: Ifise amafirimi atandukanye n’ay’amazi, ishobora gutwara amatoni 1-10.
3. Uburyo bw'amazi:
- Pompe y’amazi: Pompe y’ivyuma canke ipompo y’ivyuma, ifise umuvuduko uri hagati ya 150-250 bar.
- Igikoresho co guterura: Igitero c’amametero 1,5-3, umuvuduko wo guterura 0,3-0,6 m/s (ISO 2328 itegeko).
4. Umubiri n’Ivyo Ugenzura:
- Umurinzi wo hejuru: Uhuye n'ingingo za OSHA zo kurinda ibintu bigwa.
- Igikoresho co kuyobora n’ibirenge: Hari ibikoresho bifise ubuhinga bwo kuyobora.
II. Ibice bisanzwe vy'ibikoresho vy'umuyagankuba
Dufashe akarorero k’ibikoresho vyo mu nzu, ibice nyamukuru birimwo:
1. Ibikoresho vyo gukonjesha (nk’amafirigo):
- Kompreseri: Incuro zihinduka canke zihinduka, 80-200W (inguvu zikoreshwa neza A+++).
- Igikoresho co gukura ubushuhe: Umuringa w'umuringa n'umubumbe w'amababa y'aluminium, ubushuhe bushobora gusohoka 0.5-1.2 m2.
2. Igikoresho co gukonjesha umuyaga:
- Igikoresho co guhindura umwuka n’igikoresho co guhindura amazi: Koresha igipande c’aluminium gikunda amazi, ushike ku bushobozi bwo guhindura ubushuhe bwa 60-70%.
- Igikoresho c'umurongo: MCU y'ubugenzuzi nyamukuru (nk'urutonde rwa STM32) ifise igikoresho co gupima ubushuhe.
3. Ibintu bihurikiyeko:
- Uburyo bwo gukoresha: PCB uburebure bwa 1.6mm, 2-6 ibipande vy’umuringa (IPC-6012 itegeko).
- Ibikoresho vyo mu nzu: Ipulasitike ya ABS (ishobora guhangana n’ubushuhe -20 degrees gushika kuri 80 degrees ) canke icuma gikomeye.
III. Isesengura ry'ukugereranya ry'amavuta-Ivyuma vy'amavuta n'ibikoresho vy'umuyagankuba
1. Gukoresha neza inguvu:
- Ivyuma bikoreshwa n’amavuta-amavuta bikoresha nk’amalita 3-5 y’amavuta ya dizeli kw’isaha, mu gihe ibikoresho vy’umuyagankuba nk’ibikoresho bikoresha umuyagankuba bikoresha 0,8-1,5 kWh (inkomoko y’amakuru: Igisata c’Inguvu ca Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika).
2. Igiciro co kwitaho:
- Amaforklift asaba guhindura amavuta (buri masaha 500), mu gihe ibikoresho vy’umuyagankuba bisaba gusa gusukura amayunguruzo (buri mezi atatu).
3. Ivyabaye mu gushira mu ngiro:
- Amaforklift arabereye gukoreshwa hanze mu bikorwa bikomeye-, mu gihe ibikoresho vy’umuyagankuba vyibanda ku kugenzura ibidukikije vyo mu nzu.
